All solar data could be combined across all sensor arrays, Sun Moon Vector Tidal Gravity signals

https://www.facebook.com/groups/actividadsolar/

For years I have been using Solar Dynamics Observatory AIA and HMI images and movies to look at the sun. Recently I found that solar observers were mostly using H alpha images where those black lines show up. In the AIA 171 Angstrom movies they are clear and much more detailed. And I wonder what solar groups could do to improve the resolution and consistency of images of the sun – no matter who is doing it.

https://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/latest48.php?q=0171

Use your browser magnification to zoom up to 500%. There are 4096×4096 jpeg images, but the raw data is also available in Fits format, which is just ascii headers and blocks of binary arrays.

I do not know the names that people assign to things on the sun, but I am happy to be looking at solar maximum when it is busy and many things going on.

Filed as (All solar data could be combined across all sensor arrays)

Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation

Protons are much too large to account for the gravitational potential of the earth. It is much too fine grained and will affect electrons and other particles. About 20 years ago I used the network of superconducting gravimeters to measure the speed of gravity. Those cost about $250K each. Now Liang Cheng Tu and others have made MEMS gravimeters that are three axis and cost 1/1000th that. There are many sensors for gravitational field, particularly for dynamic gravitational effects which diffuse at the speed of light and gravity.

In Aug 2013, that neutron merger labeled GW170813 was detected on gravitational sensors and electromagnetic ones across many frequencies and they all arrived at the same time. It was a short event and the signals had to travel from NGC 4998 to earth, about 140 Millon years.

I worked on the gravitational potential field model that NASA began in the 1970s. Those are now updated monthly and are 2160×2160 spherical harmonic models that can image flows in the ocean, rain fall. But ground based gravimeter based sensors can do it at low cost.

The gravitational potential field of earth is quite powerful and fine grained. So the small “updates” from the sun do not need to carry a lot off new forces. I think of it this way. “The mass motion on the sun changes the potential there, and those changes diffuse at the speed of light to earth where it updates what is here. It is small about 0.1 nanometer per second squared is the units and the magnitude of the tidal signal is about 1000 nm/s^2 over the course of the day.

It is a vector signal that looks complex, but can be fitted at a gravimeter station with GM/r^2 using vectors and the JPL Horizon ephemeris data. The sun acting on the station minus the sun acting on the center of the earth, plus the moon at the station minus the moon acting on the center of the earth. Add the centrifugal acceleration from earth rotation and a simple device can fil the signal with only linear regression needed for each axis. Those old superconducting gravimeters are still going but they are single axis. Some of the more sensitive three axis broadband gravimeters can pick up sun moon vector tidal gravity signal if the station is quiet seismically. That Japan earthquake registered (as a speed of light and gravity signal) on both the superconducting gravimeters and the broadband seismometers.

I am studying the sun the last ten years or so to see if I can model it precisely enough to detect the time dependent gravitational signals and verify that it is “gravitational” through imaging specific events. That image I attached is a spreadsheet with two curves. The actual station data and the vector GM/r^2 model using JPL positions for the sun, moon and earth, the station location. It is sensitive enough to solve for the orientation of a three axis instrument which you need to do with seismometers when you do not know their orientation (Transportable Array), and the position is extremely accurate over time. I called that “gravitational GPS”. There are better “tensor gravimeters” or “gravity gradiometers” that can work from drones. A lot is happening and the costs are going down mostly.

That spreadsheet, those calculations only need a scale factor and offset to lock the instrument to the sun and moon as absolute references. It is linear in all three axes. Gravity at low speeds is linear.

And near the speed of gravity and light, it is nonlinear but predictable, so those groups working on faster than light projects, treat it more or less the same as breaking the sound barrier which was a big thing when I was a kid long ago.

The energy density of the gravitational field at the earth is powerful, that is why it can affect things like the SpaceX starship. Its energy density, in magnetic units, is about 380 Tesla. And laser now can make fields with hundreds of Tesla, so I am watching for groups who make synthetic gravitational fields that can mimic natural fields. We have tools to do that now. High harmonic gain lasers can generation 100 Telsa fields and it is the gradient of the field that matters and that can be done by working with femtosecond and attosecond pulses. If you want a mass for the potential field itself, I suggest you look at remnant neutrinos and such. The value I got for the earth surface is a particle that is about one 7 millionth the mass of the electron, superfluid at low speeds, and drag according to velocity.

The gravitational energy density of the earth is like a black body cavity with a radiation temperature that varies from 300 electron Volts to about 1200 eV. So it is UV and soft x-ray and short range. But there are a LOT of them. I have been looking at x-ray detectors for a few years, waiting for some company to make low cost detectors that cover from nano electron volts to about 1 MeV. There are some clues to the distribution of wavelengths but I have already written more than you all probably want to hear.

Robert Forward was the one who used that gravitational energy density. He worked with Joe Weber at University of Maryland at College Park. I met Joe and he showed me his lab, but urged me to follow what Robert Lull Forward was doing and saying and writing.

Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation

Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation