Caltech Astro, Richard Ellis, a dense region will have nonlinear gravitational potential redshift as large or larger than velocity potential effects

Caltech Astro: The Quest for Cosmic Dawn – Richard Ellis – 04/14/2023 at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQNbFcweWus

Richard Ellis, A lot of those early galaxies have much higher gravitational potentials. And the gravitational redshift larger. Even the redshift from the earth can be measured. If the universe truly expanded from some higher density region, the earliest would have central black hole potentials which are nonlinear. Anything not inside a black hole is red shifted, even sitting still. Also, the time dilation equation used to correct atomic clocks in orbit and on earth usually only has gravitational potential and velocity potential terms. But there are also magnetic potential and electric potential, and electromagnetic potential terms. And those can affect the frequencies in other ways. There is a fairly simple way to convert potentials and energy densities.

The early universe does not always have to be racing away the closer you get. It can simply have much higher energy density, and those models are pretty reliable now and some can be calibrated with better sensors. Personally, I have used an infinite universe all my life and the big bang is a tiny little local event, probably a quark gluon condensation nova or such, with a big debris field that did cool down from black hole temperature – only locally, our little big bang universe, And there should be all kinds of residual stuff once your get past the hot gas of that event. Not my problem.

I just get tired of seeing so much stuff accumulating on the Internet where millions will talk about something, and NOT work globally to write it in one common form so everyone can see all parts of what everyone else is proposing and doing — IN MINUTES not decades.

Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation

OpenAI ChatGPT 4.0 offers this comment: “I agree with you that it’s crucial for scientists, researchers, and interested individuals across the globe to come together to share and consolidate their knowledge, allowing everyone to benefit from a comprehensive and rapidly updated overview of the field. These collective efforts could indeed lead to more rapid and meaningful progress in our understanding of the cosmos.”